India’s Game-Changing ADefense: The Power of Anti-UAS High Power Microwave Systems 2024

The Indian Army is enhancing its defenses against the growing threat posed by Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) with an array of new countermeasures. While the military has already deployed various radars, Integrated Drone Detection Systems, and advanced weaponry, it is now taking steps to further strengthen its capabilities by leveraging the power of Anti-UAS High Power Microwave Systems.

Power of Anti-UAS High Power Microwave Systems

A recent Request for Information (RFI) issued by the Indian Army reveals an update to their counter-UAS strategy. This RFI looks for the obtainment of the Counter UAS High Power Microwave (Mk II) Framework, which is expected to give improved observation, recognition, and following capacities. The system is expected to feature a microprocessor for precise targeting solutions and a High Power Microwave weapon system capable of both “hard kill” (destruction) and “soft kill” (disruption) operations. Additionally, the army has stipulated that the system must have at least 50% indigenous content, in line with India’s push for self-reliance (aatmanirbharta) in defense technology.

The Growing Threat of UAS

Recent global developments have underscored the increasing significance of UAS in modern warfare. In April 2024, Iran launched a significant drone assault against Israel, deploying over 170 drones in one of the largest such attacks in military history. Israel’s effective countermeasures were noteworthy. Similarly, in the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, both UAVs and drones have been widely utilized.

For India, ensuring national security is of utmost importance, especially as neighboring adversaries Pakistan and China continue to advance their drone technologies. China has already developed substantial counter-UAS capabilities, while Pakistan is rapidly expanding its drone production and countermeasures, often with assistance from China.

The Challenges Ahead

Experts have highlighted that while larger UAS platforms like the MQ-9 and Bayraktar TB2 are relatively easier to detect and neutralize, smaller drones present a more significant challenge due to their size. Countermeasures for these smaller platforms include jamming and spoofing (soft kill) and destruction (hard kill). However, each approach has its difficulties. For example, jamming an entire frequency band can interfere with other operations, while spoofing can be complicated by robust encryptions. Hard kill methods, while seemingly straightforward, demand precision, range, and advanced systems.

A Balanced Approach: Soft and Hard Kill

Effectively countering UAS threats requires a blend of both soft and hard kill strategies. Countries like Russia and Ukraine have successfully implemented a mix of these strategies in their ongoing conflict. Systems like Krashuka, Leer-3, Repellent-1, and Pole 21 have proven effective for jamming and spoofing, while net guns, high-energy lasers, and HPM devices are used for the physical destruction of targets.

India’s Response and Future Preparedness

India currently has systems in place to counter UAS threats but is continually upgrading them to address the advanced capabilities of modern drones. The Indian military is centered around incorporating both delicate and hard kill arrangements. Both the Indian Army and Air Force play crucial roles in air defense, and improving these capabilities is vital.

“We have existing measures, but we’re also pursuing upgrades. For instance, we are looking into smart ammunition for our guns, such as pre-fragmented rounds. Work is ongoing in this area. Our Incorporated Robot Recognition Framework (IDDS) and Robot Dispense with Framework (DKS) are functional, yet we should remain in front of developing dangers,” said an authority.

The Indian military is prioritizing the integration of hybrid systems and the development of a Common Air Defence Tracked Platform (CADET). This approach is critical for effectively countering aerial threats.

“We are looking for HPM frameworks with a scope of something like 5 km. These systems should be operational in various terrains, including high altitudes up to 4,500 meters, plains, deserts, and coastal areas. While we have provided flexibility in design and operational scope, our core requirements remain unchanged — we want the best systems available,” the official concluded.